Key words: cognitive activity, learning process, pedagogical problem, teacher-student interaction, motivation, active learning, critical thinking
Summary
Students’ cognitive activity is one of the main pedagogical problems of the modern educational process. This phenomenon is characterized not only by the acquisition of knowledge but also by its active application, transformation, and creation of new knowledge. Cognitive activity develops through the interaction between teacher and student, as well as through the enhancement of motivation, critical, and creative thinking. Modern education requires students to be not passive listeners but active participants in the learning process. Therefore, the development of cognitive activity is considered a key pedagogical task that contributes to improving learning efficiency, fostering independent thinking, and strengthening a sustainable interest in knowledge.
