Key words: metaphor, metonymy, meaning, extension, abstract
Summary
This article explores a comparative analysis of metonymy and metaphor as mechanisms for expanding the meanings of words in language. Metonymy is the phenomenon where one word or phrase is used to refer to another based on an existing relationship or association, often resulting in an economy of language and simplification of expressions. On the other hand, metaphor uses similarity or analogy between objects or concepts to convey abstract or complex ideas through concrete images, making language more expressive and emotionally rich. The article analyzes in detail the causes of meaning transfer, the types of communication, the effects on the language and the usage examples of both cases. Understanding the differences and similarities between metonymy and metaphor not only in linguistic research, but also in everyday communication and literary creativity helps to enrich the language and expand the possibilities of expression.
