Key words: Overtraining, Overtraining Syndrome (OTS), psychological disorders, depression in athletes, cognitive decline, serotonin dysfunction.
Summary
This article examines the impact of excessive physical activity on human psychology, focusing specifically on the context of overtraining syndrome (OTS) and its associated psychological and neurobiological outcomes. Scientific findings reveal that uncontrolled and excessive exercise can lead to increased symptoms of depression, emotional instability, and cognitive decline among athletes. Mood disturbances observed during OTS are consistent with neurobiological changes in serotonin transmission. The results of psychological questionnaires (such as POMS, RESTQ-Sport, and others) also confirm the intensification of emotional disturbances, although these tools are considered more useful for monitoring training and recovery processes rather than for direct diagnosis. The research highlights that overtraining syndrome poses a significant risk not only to physical performance but also to psychological well-being. Therefore, careful regulation of training loads and the implementation of effective recovery mechanisms are critical when planning physical activity programs.
