Key words: primary education, mathematics teaching, independent work, differentiated instruction, teaching methods, logical thinking, cognitive activity, teaching effectiveness, mathematical skills
Summary
The article extensively analyzes the role and importance of independent work in increasing the effectiveness of mathematics teaching in primary school. The study examines the issues of organizing differentiated instruction taking into account students' individual characteristics, levels of cognitive development, and psychological capabilities. The author shows that independent work has a significant impact on students' conscious acquisition of mathematical knowledge, as well as on the development of their logical thinking, cognitive activity, and self-confidence. The article explains the forms of organization, stages, and methodological techniques of independent work, and also presents ways of effectively organizing work with "weak," "average," and "strong" students. It is noted that the proper organization of independent work contributes to increasing students' interest in mathematics, eliminating learning gaps, and promoting the practical application of acquired knowledge
